Schools in Northern Ireland are quite different than public schools in the United States. The majority of schools in Belfast fall into one of three categories: controlled (mostly Protestant), maintained (Catholic) or integrated. Controlled schools were originally church schools and are now managed by the school's board of governors. They are meant to be open to all faiths, including those of no faith, but are mostly attended by Protestants. Today, Protestant churches maintain a link with schools through church representation on the school's board of governors. Maintained schools are managed by the Catholic church and, according to my faithful friend Wikipedia, educate approximately half of the children in Northern Ireland. Integrated schools are open to those of all faiths, but are not significantly attended because of the low proportion of integrated schools to segregated in the Northern Ireland school system. It is rather disappointing that there are not more integrated schools in Northern Ireland. A large majority of families live in segregated neighborhoods, send their children to segregated schools, and therefore kids grow up interacting with only Catholics or only Protestants until they finish Secondary school. It's not that kids are learning to discriminate against Catholics or Protestants at their respective schools, they are not given the opportunity to interact with one another. Out of this lack of interaction, there becomes a fear of the unknown. Therefore, I think that integrated schools can play a pertinent role in reconciliation efforts.
Another bit of useful information about the schooling system in Northern Ireland is the school years. Children start attending Primary school at age 4-5 and are in Primary 1 (P1). Primary school goes from P1 to P7 (age 10-11) from which kids move on to Secondary school. During their P7 year, students take transfer exams, and the results determine which Secondary or grammar school they will attend. For the first three years in Secondary school (Year 8-10), students study a wide range of subjects which include geography, English, mathematics, science, physical education, music and modern languages. During Year 11 and 12 students select which subjects to continue to study for General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations. Based on their GCSE scores, students may choose to be finished with required school or to continue with two years of Advanced Level subjects (called Lower and Upper Sixth).
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Whitehouse Primary School after the fire |
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The new Whitehouse Primary School |